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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 2:14 am
Time: 2:14 am
Results for neighborhoods and crime (florida)
1 results foundAuthor: Uchida, Craig D. Title: Neighborhoods and Crime: Collective Efficacy and Social Cohesion in Miami-Dade County Summary: While substantial research on collective efficacy and the role it plays in protecting vulnerable communities against crime continues to accumulate (see Pratt & Cullen, 2005), there remain several important gaps in research in this area. For example, an important finding for this research was the clear distinction between collective efficacy and social cohesion. The size of the group domain for social cohesion suggested that this dimension is substantively different from collective efficacy and is important in understanding neighborhood social functioning. Thus, we focus on these two areas of social functioning. The current project was jointly funded by the National Institute of Justice and The Children's Trust of Miami-Dade County to address some of these existing gaps in the understanding about collective efficacy. Specifically, the research presented in this report covers five main questions that remain largely unaddressed in the current research on collective efficacy and crime: 1. What are the psychometric properties of the most popular measure of perceptions of collective efficacy (the Sampson et al., 1997 scale)? Is this measure appropriate and well-constructed and is it being modeled correctly in extant research on collective efficacy? 2. At the level of individual perceptions, what are the important relationships between perceptions of collective efficacy and related constructs like social cohesion and other important perceptual outcomes, such as perceptions of incivilities, satisfaction with the police, and fear of crime? 3. Do the relationships between perceptions of collective efficacy, social cohesion, and related constructs and other key variables vary between neighborhoods? In other words, is there heterogeneity in the impact of perceptions of collective efficacy and social cohesion in different social contexts? If so, how does the impact of perceptions of collective efficacy and social cohesion vary and what are potential explanations for this heterogeneity? 4. What variables predict perceptions of collective efficacy, social cohesion, and related constructs? Do a person's activities within the neighborhood influence the degree to which they perceive it to function properly? 5. Is there local variability in collective efficacy, social cohesion, and other related constructs within neighborhoods? What strategies are available for modeling this variability? This study is intended to serve as an assessment of these complex, unresolved issues in the understanding of collective efficacy and social cohesion. We used in-person community survey data collected from a sample of 1,227 respondents located across eight neighborhoods in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The study location represents an ethnically- and economically-diverse group of neighborhoods and survey respondents. The study design also included systematic social observations (SSOs) of street segments in each of the eight study neighborhoods (see Sampson & Raudenbush, 1999). In total, 235 street segments across the eight neighborhoods were coded, with an average of approximately 29 per neighborhood or approximately 20 percent of the total number of face block segments in each neighborhood. Details: Silver Spring, MD: Justice & Security Srategies, Inc., 2013. 214p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 30, 2014 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/245406.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/245406.pdf Shelf Number: 132848 Keywords: Collective EfficacyNeighborhoods and Crime (Florida)Social CohesionUrban Areas |